Aqueous

Details: In chemistry, aqueous solutions are fundamental. Water's polarity allows it to dissolve ionic compounds and polar molecules effectively.

Examples: Saltwater (NaCl + H₂O), sugar water (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ + H₂O), hydrochloric acid (HCl + H₂O)

Properties: Conductivity varies based on dissolved ions, pH can be adjusted, and reactions often occur faster in aqueous media.

Cellular Level: All living cells contain aqueous solutions where biochemical reactions occur.

Ecosystems: Freshwater lakes, rivers, oceans, and even cellular cytoplasm are aqueous environments.

Transport: Blood plasma, lymph, and intercellular fluid transport nutrients and waste products.

Function: Provides nutrients to the cornea and lens, maintains eye pressure (intraocular pressure).

Composition: Contains glucose, amino acids, and ascorbic acid, but less protein than blood plasma.

Clinical Significance: Abnormal pressure can lead to glaucoma; sampled for diagnostic purposes.

Weathering: Water breaks down rocks through chemical and physical processes.

Sedimentation: Water transports and deposits sediments, forming sedimentary rocks.

Hydrothermal: Hot water solutions create mineral deposits and alter existing rocks.

Concentration: Seawater contains about 3.5% dissolved salts, primarily NaCl.

Applications: Used in food preservation, de-icing roads, and medical saline solutions.

Properties: Higher boiling point and lower freezing point than pure water.

Composition: 90% water, 7% proteins (albumin, globulins), 3% other substances.

Functions: Transports hormones, nutrients, waste products, and maintains pH balance.

Medical Use: Plasma donations are used for treating various medical conditions.

Process: Separates water-soluble compounds from water-insoluble ones.

Applications: Coffee brewing, tea preparation, pharmaceutical purification.

Advantages: Environmentally friendly, non-toxic, and cost-effective method.